We're always looking for ways to improve the developer experience and reduce complexity across your application development pipeline. One way you can use Supabase to do that is with dynamic JavaScript in Edge Functions. This greatly increases the versatility of your edge functions and reduces the need for you to redeploy your functions if you need to change business logic.

Edge Functions in Supabase are serverless functions that execute in response to HTTP requests. These functions are deployed at the edge, meaning they run close to the user's location, resulting in faster response times.

Why Use Dynamic Code Execution?#

Dynamic code execution allows you to modify and run JavaScript code on the fly without having to redeploy your function each time the code changes. This is particularly useful when you need the flexibility to execute different logic depending on the incoming request, without incurring the overhead of redeployment.

Prerequisites#

To follow along, you will need:

  • A Supabase project
  • Supabase CLI installed on your local machine
  • Orb Stack or Docker Desktop installed on your local machine
  • Environment variables set up in Vault, ensuring it passes validation in the function (e.g., service_role)

Edge Functions defaults to the verification of the JWT, so it could be called with the ANON API Key. Make sure to implement proper security measures.

We have a repo with the SQL script to create helper functions to support the dynamic execution of JavaScript code. You can find the repo here: supa-dynamic

Install the SQL script supa-dynamic--0.1.sql from the repo in your Supabase project. (You can copy and paste the code from the repo into the SQL editor in your Supabase project.) These are the functions we'll use to execute the JavaScript code:

  • edge.http_request(url text, method text, headers jsonb, params jsonb, payload jsonb, timeout_ms integer) RETURNS jsonb: Makes an HTTP request with the specified parameters.
  • edge_wrapper(code text) RETURNS text: Executes the provided JavaScript code.
  • edge.get_secret(secret_name text) RETURNS text: Retrieves a secret from Vault.

Deep Dive into the helper functions (optional)#

You can skip this section if you are only interested in using the dynamic execution of JavaScript code. However, if you want to understand how the helper functions work, keep reading.

Function: edge.http_request#

This function handles the actual HTTP request and processes the response. It ensures consistency in response format.


_45

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION edge.http_request(

_45

url TEXT,

_45

method TEXT DEFAULT 'POST',

_45

headers JSONB DEFAULT '{"Content-Type": "application/json"}'::jsonb,

_45

params JSONB DEFAULT '{}'::jsonb,

_45

payload JSONB DEFAULT '{}'::jsonb,

_45

timeout_ms INTEGER DEFAULT 5000

_45

) RETURNS jsonb AS $$

_45

DECLARE

_45

http_response extensions.http_response;

_45

status_code integer := 0;

_45

response_json jsonb;

_45

response_text text;

_45

header_array extensions.http_header[];

_45

request extensions.http_request;

_45

BEGIN

_45

-- Set the timeout option

_45

IF timeout_ms > 0 THEN

_45

PERFORM http_set_curlopt('CURLOPT_TIMEOUT_MS', timeout_ms::text);

_45

END IF;

_45

_45

-- Convert headers JSONB to http_header array

_45

SELECT array_agg(extensions.http_header(key, value::text))

_45

FROM jsonb_each_text(headers)

_45

INTO header_array;

_45

_45

-- Construct the http_request composite type

_45

request := ROW(method, url, header_array, 'application/json', payload::text)::extensions.http_request;

_45

_45

-- Make the HTTP request

_45

http_response := http(request);

_45

status_code := http_response.status;

_45

_45

-- Attempt to extract JSONB response content

_45

BEGIN

_45

response_json := http_response.content::jsonb;

_45

EXCEPTION

_45

WHEN others THEN

_45

response_text := http_response.content;

_45

response_json := jsonb_build_object('status_code', status_code, 'response', response_text);

_45

END;

_45

_45

RETURN jsonb_build_object('status_code', status_code, 'response', response_json);

_45

END;

_45

$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;


Function: edge.edge_wrapper#

The edge_wrapper function manages HTTP requests with features like retries, custom headers, and region selection. Below are the parameters it accepts:

  • url: The endpoint to call.
  • method: HTTP method, defaulting to POST.
  • headers: Custom headers to include, including region information.
  • timeout_ms: Timeout duration in milliseconds.
  • max_retries: Maximum retry attempts for the request.


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CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION edge.edge_wrapper(

_87

url TEXT,

_87

method TEXT DEFAULT 'POST',

_87

headers JSONB DEFAULT '{"Content-Type": "application/json"}'::jsonb,

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params JSONB DEFAULT '{}'::jsonb,

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payload JSONB DEFAULT '{}'::jsonb, -- Payload as JSONB

_87

timeout_ms INTEGER DEFAULT 5000,

_87

max_retries INTEGER DEFAULT 0,

_87

allowed_regions TEXT[] DEFAULT NULL

_87

) RETURNS jsonb AS $$

_87

DECLARE

_87

retry_count INTEGER := 0;

_87

retry_delays DOUBLE PRECISION[] := ARRAY[0, 0.250, 0.500, 1.000, 2.500, 5.000];

_87

succeeded BOOLEAN := FALSE;

_87

current_region_index INTEGER := 1; -- Start index at 1 for PostgreSQL array

_87

combined_headers JSONB;

_87

response_json JSONB;

_87

BEGIN

_87

-- Validate headers, params, and payload are JSON objects

_87

IF headers IS NULL OR NOT jsonb_typeof(headers) = 'object' THEN

_87

RAISE EXCEPTION 'Invalid headers parameter: %', headers;

_87

END IF;

_87

_87

IF params IS NULL OR NOT jsonb_typeof(params) = 'object' THEN

_87

RAISE EXCEPTION 'Invalid params parameter: %', params;

_87

END IF;

_87

_87

IF payload IS NULL OR NOT jsonb_typeof(payload) = 'object' THEN

_87

RAISE EXCEPTION 'Invalid payload parameter: %', payload;

_87

END IF;

_87

_87

-- Validate allowed_regions if provided

_87

IF allowed_regions IS NOT NULL AND cardinality(allowed_regions) = 0 THEN

_87

RAISE EXCEPTION 'allowed_regions parameter cannot be an empty array';

_87

END IF;

_87

_87

-- Check if retry_delays has enough elements

_87

IF cardinality(retry_delays) < max_retries + 1 THEN

_87

RAISE EXCEPTION 'retry_delays array must have at least % elements', max_retries + 1;

_87

END IF;

_87

_87

-- Retry loop

_87

WHILE NOT succeeded AND retry_count <= max_retries LOOP

_87

combined_headers := headers;

_87

_87

-- Set x-region header if allowed_regions is provided

_87

IF allowed_regions IS NOT NULL AND cardinality(allowed_regions) > 0 THEN

_87

combined_headers := combined_headers || jsonb_build_object('x-region', allowed_regions[current_region_index]);

_87

END IF;

_87

_87

-- Sleep if not the first attempt

_87

IF retry_count > 0 THEN

_87

PERFORM pg_sleep(retry_delays[retry_count]);

_87

END IF;

_87

_87

retry_count := retry_count + 1;

_87

_87

-- Increment region index, wrapping around if necessary

_87

IF allowed_regions IS NOT NULL AND cardinality(allowed_regions) > 0 THEN

_87

current_region_index := current_region_index + 1;

_87

IF current_region_index > cardinality(allowed_regions) THEN

_87

current_region_index := 1;

_87

END IF;

_87

END IF;

_87

_87

BEGIN

_87

RAISE WARNING 'headers:%s', combined_headers;

_87

_87

-- Call the simplified HTTP request function

_87

response_json := edge.http_request(url, method, combined_headers, params, payload, timeout_ms);

_87

_87

-- Check the status code

_87

IF (response_json->>'status_code')::INTEGER < 500 THEN

_87

succeeded := TRUE;

_87

END IF;

_87

EXCEPTION

_87

WHEN OTHERS THEN

_87

IF retry_count > max_retries THEN

_87

RAISE EXCEPTION 'HTTP request failed after % retries. SQL Error: { %, % }',

_87

max_retries, SQLERRM, SQLSTATE;

_87

END IF;

_87

END;

_87

END LOOP;

_87

_87

RETURN response_json;

_87

END;

_87

$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;


To securely manage secrets, you will need to set your service_role_key in Vault. Here’s how you can create a function to retrieve secrets:


_17

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION edge.get_secret(secret_name text) RETURNS text

_17

LANGUAGE "plpgsql"

_17

AS $$

_17

DECLARE

_17

decrypted text;

_17

BEGIN

_17

IF current_setting('request.jwt.claims', true)::jsonb->>'role' = 'service_role' OR current_user = 'postgres' THEN

_17

SELECT decrypted_secret

_17

INTO decrypted

_17

FROM vault.decrypted_secrets

_17

WHERE name = secret_name;

_17

RETURN decrypted;

_17

ELSE

_17

RAISE EXCEPTION 'Access denied: only service_role or postgres user can execute this function.';

_17

END IF;

_17

END;

_17

$$;


This function can retrieve the service_role secret from Vault, it also ensures that only authorized roles can access sensitive environment variables.

Let's dive into the code and set up our dynamic JavaScript executor Edge Function using Deno. Below is an overview of how to accomplish this.

Code Walkthrough#

We'll create a function named multi-purpose:


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supabase functions new multi-purpose


Now, we'll edit the code adding verification and the eval function, including the supabase client so we have it ready without the need to import.


_44

import "jsr:@supabase/functions-js/edge-runtime.d.ts";

_44

_44

// Import the supabase client

_44

import { createClient } from "<https://esm.sh/@supabase/supabase-js@2>";

_44

_44

console.log("===\\n\\tBooted Edge Worker!\\n===\\n");

_44

const supabase_url = Deno.env.get("SUPABASE_URL") ?? "";

_44

const service_role = Deno.env.get("SUPABASE_SERVICE_ROLE_KEY");

_44

// Set the permission to service_role key:

_44

const supabase = createClient(supabase_url, service_role);

_44

// This allows us to use Supabase.ai in the function

_44

const session = new Supabase.ai.Session('gte-small');

_44

_44

Deno.serve(async (req: Request) =>

_44

const authorization = req.headers.get("Authorization");

_44

if (!authorization) throw new Error("Authorization header is missing.");

_44

// Ensures that the function is called with service_role to prevent missuse

_44

if (!authorization.includes(service_role)) {

_44

throw new Error("Authorization header is invalid.");

_44

}

_44

_44

const { code } = await req.json();

_44

try {

_44

// Wrap the provided code in an async function context

_44

const asyncFunction = new Function('supabase', `

_44

return (async () => {

_44

${code.replace(/\\\\/g, '')}

_44

})();

_44

`);

_44

// Pass the Supabase client as the scope for the function to use:

_44

const data = await asyncFunction(supabase);

_44

console.log(data);

_44

return new Response(

_44

JSON.stringify({ data }),

_44

{ headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json', 'Connection': 'keep-alive' } },

_44

);

_44

} catch (error) {

_44

console.error("Error executing user code:", error);

_44

return new Response(

_44

JSON.stringify({ error: "An error occurred -> " + error.message }),

_44

{ status: 500, headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" } }

_44

);

_44

}

_44

});


Note: If you need more details, check the full guide to create an edge function.

Step-by-Step Walkthrough#

  1. Validate Authorization: First, we ensure the request contains a valid authorization header. (this prevents calls from anon users)


_10

const authorization = req.headers.get('Authorization')

_10

if (!authorization) throw new Error('Authorization header is missing.')

_10

// Ensures that the function is called with service_role to prevent missuse

_10

if (!authorization.includes(service_role)) {

_10

throw new Error('Authorization header is invalid.')

_10

}


  1. Receive JavaScript Code Payload: Extract the code from the request body.


_10

const { code } = await req.json()


  1. Wrap Code in Async Context: Use new Function() to create an async function that executes the incoming JavaScript code. This allows async calls in the code to be executed:


_10

try {

_10

// Wrap the provided code in an async function context

_10

const asyncFunction = new Function('supabase', `

_10

return (async () => {

_10

${code.replace(/\\\\/g, '')}

_10

})();

_10

`);

_10

}


  1. Execute and Return Results: Run the JavaScript code, which can interact with Supabase via the provided client, and return the results.


_10

// Pass the Supabase client as the scope for the function to use:

_10

const data = await asyncFunction(supabase)

_10

console.log(data)

_10

return new Response(JSON.stringify({ data }), {

_10

headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json', Connection: 'keep-alive' },

_10

})


Deploying the Edge Function#

To deploy this Edge Function, you'll need to use the Supabase CLI. Ensure you have Docker installed and running on your local machine. Follow these steps to deploy:

  1. Install the Supabase CLI: If you haven't already, install the Supabase CLI by following the instructions in the Supabase CLI Documentation.
  2. Log In to Supabase: Use the command supabase login to authenticate your account.
  3. Deploy the Function: Run the command supabase functions deploy <function_name> to deploy your Edge Function. Replace <function_name> with the desired name for your function.

Setting Environment Variables in Vault#

Creating the main function to interact with the edge function#

We are using the helper functions defined earlier to create a function that interacts with the edge function. This function will execute the dynamic JavaScript code and return the results. This is the main function that will be used to execute the dynamic JavaScript code and return the results.

edge.exec Function#

The edge.exec is a simple function leverages edge_wrapper to execute dynamic JavaScript code. Here's an example of how it is structured:


_23

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION edge.exec(data text) RETURNS JSONB LANGUAGE plpgsql

_23

AS $function$

_23

DECLARE

_23

custom_headers JSONB;

_23

-- Example restricting regions available to Europe

_23

allowed_regions TEXT[] := ARRAY['eu-west-1', 'eu-west-2', 'eu-west-3', 'eu-north-1', 'eu-central-1'];

_23

BEGIN

_23

-- Set headers with anon key and Content-Type

_23

custom_headers := jsonb_build_object(

_23

'Authorization', 'Bearer ' || edge.get_secret('service_role_key'),

_23

'Content-Type', 'application/json',

_23

'x-region', allowed_regions

_23

);

_23

-- Call edge_wrapper function with default values

_23

RETURN edge.edge_wrapper(

_23

url := ('https://<ref>.supabase.co/functions/v1/multi-purpose'),

_23

headers := custom_headers,

_23

payload := jsonb_build_object('code', data),

_23

max_retries := 5,

_23

allowed_regions := allowed_regions

_23

);

_23

END;

_23

$function$;


Executing Dynamic JavaScript Code#

The key to executing the dynamic JavaScript code is wrapping it in an async function context using new Function(). This approach lets you evaluate the code in isolation while retaining access to the supabase client for interacting with your database. You can check the examples of how to use this calling the supabase client or even generating embeddings.

Example of Using Supabase Client Libraries#

To demonstrate the execution of dynamic JavaScript, you can use the Supabase client libraries within the SQL context. Here’s an example query:


_12

SELECT edge.exec(

_12

$js$

_12

const { data, error } = await supabase.rpc('postgres_function', {'foo': 'bar'});

_12

if (error) {

_12

return new Response(JSON.stringify({ error: "An error occurred ->" + error.message }), {

_12

status: 500,

_12

headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" },

_12

});

_12

}

_12

return data;

_12

$js$

_12

);


Example: Generating Embeddings#

The edge.exec function allows for dynamic JavaScript execution, such as interacting with an AI session to generate embeddings. When executed, the JavaScript code within the SQL context runs through the edge function, returning results to the database.


_10

select edge.exec(

_10

$js$

_10

_10

const session = new Supabase.ai.Session('gte-small');

_10

return await session.run('hello world');

_10

_10

$js$);


You can also create a Postgres function to generate embeddings:


_22

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION edge.generate_embedding(input_text TEXT) RETURNS JSONB AS $$

_22

DECLARE

_22

response JSONB;

_22

BEGIN

_22

-- Call the edge function to generate the embedding for the provided text

_22

response := edge.exec(

_22

format(

_22

$js$

_22

const session = new Supabase.ai.Session('gte-small');

_22

return await session.run(%L);

_22

$js$,

_22

input_text

_22

)

_22

);

_22

RETURN response->'response'->'data';

_22

END;

_22

$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;

_22

_22

select edge.generate_embedding('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog');

_22

_22

-- response:

_22

-- [-0.07254139333963394,-0.02173878252506256,0.042930446565151215,0.04853367060422897,0.015609614551067352,0.02912059798836708,0.0371023565530777,0.05054798722267151,0.0035842431243509054,0.0015563230263069272,0.0009484672918915749,-0.09247169643640518,0.04190639406442642,0.05874202027916908,-0.012341015040874481,0.01661474071443081,-0.013452880084514618,0.003742767730727792,-0.07664268463850021,0.03231268376111984,0.0006968052475713193,-0.06508929282426834,-0.04956015944480896,-0.014327225275337696,0.03270547464489937,0.01635774038732052,-0.022707758471369743,-0.007586371619254351,-0.03548099845647812,-0.17844657599925995,0.03325255215167999,-0.07009242475032806,0.02982083335518837,-0.05649203434586525,-0.006693259347230196,-0.02781110256910324,-0.01687553897500038,0.04976152256131172,-0.015715090557932854,0.038247860968112946,0.040495794266462326,-0.007263457402586937,-0.019288228824734688,-0.0527581050992012,-0.0065462407656013966,-0.022786622866988182,-0.04975651577115059,-0.04053974151611328,0.03047902137041092,-0.05064946785569191,-0.023929744958877563,-0.03891737014055252,0.03785012289881706,-0.0133274607360363,0.03001898154616356,-0.007281183265149593,0.060004156082868576,0.017414024099707603,0.025516854599118233,0.029599720612168312,0.02893918938934803,0.03455337509512901,-0.14698833227157593,0.09387505799531937,0.05768263339996338,0.019130567088723183,-0.0380706787109375,-0.04105521738529205,0.008963614702224731,0.012743324972689152,0.009223062545061111,0.060711149126291275,0.007398003712296486,0.04229794815182686,0.046996768563985825,-0.003397924592718482,0.00808036606758833,0.022617157548666,-0.01847437582910061,0.0026343590579926968,-0.010598739609122276,-0.037673674523830414,-0.04375630244612694,-0.0007789010996930301,-0.007935777306556702,-0.03272915259003639,0.021433845162391663,-0.07967976480722427,0.06888656318187714,0.07489841431379318,-0.02783842757344246,-0.006374717690050602,-0.035476282238960266,0.006344574969261885,-0.03357071802020073,-0.036727335304021835,0.012309364043176174,-0.00006389369809767231,-0.053050097078084946,0.19709722697734833,-0.05575009435415268,0.05757850036025047,0.0951322615146637,-0.04633559286594391,0.03476420044898987,0.012983368709683418,0.0004390157700981945,0.010212302207946777,-0.012741461396217346,0.014706282876431942,0.03321540355682373,-0.006495281588286161,0.041682176291942596,0.003406582633033395,0.02581774815917015,-0.0007246752502396703,0.011133069172501564,0.08353550732135773,0.006477882619947195,0.00224463758058846,0.020395604893565178,-0.013416256755590439,0.05663946643471718,-0.028388522565364838,0.019082417711615562,-0.08387858420610428,0.054498571902513504,0.10694538056850433,0.06286843866109848,0.03180928900837898,0.037740662693977356,-0.07479764521121979,0.010231229476630688,-0.04866624251008034,0.004061027429997921,0.0362103171646595,-0.009540606290102005,0.00915283989161253,0.031154874712228775,-0.04876647889614105,-0.015956921502947807,-0.1429857611656189,-0.01470054779201746,-0.09399641305208206,-0.019157350063323975,0.02896934375166893,-0.018669532611966133,0.014991801232099533,-0.06764508783817291,0.027312103658914566,-0.003859955817461014,0.025718173012137413,-0.018675100058317184,-0.016409857198596,-0.021459592506289482,0.004702075384557247,-0.0323822982609272,0.10394860059022903,-0.020106177777051926,-0.008876764215528965,-0.027185838669538498,0.0003392586368136108,-0.009877108968794346,-0.0004303457390051335,0.04185814782977104,-0.05188998952507973,-0.021185973659157753,0.00026368125691078603,-0.02180171199142933,-0.03400561958551407,0.020068379119038582,0.034275852143764496,-0.10943055897951126,0.031987469643354416,0.054017845541238785,-0.009243185631930828,-0.07103140652179718,0.00785127654671669,-0.0040434580296278,-0.05036382004618645,0.07858535647392273,-0.08356015384197235,-0.06914680451154709,0.06180981919169426,0.043073058128356934,-0.020246226340532303,-0.015496478416025639,-0.005946696270257235,0.006562687456607819,0.04845070466399193,-0.029123008251190186,0.02194702997803688,0.002446065191179514,-0.06825454533100128,-0.07056894898414612,0.01598423719406128,-0.04185032472014427,-0.01633128523826599,0.014294272288680077,-0.01768324337899685,0.05590462312102318,-0.044063832610845566,0.02461099997162819,0.0006756667862646282,0.07429251074790955,0.011551265604794025,0.014212443493306637,-0.02237367257475853,0.039057254791259766,0.000325449975207448,-0.004185846075415611,-0.003040974261239171,0.01800958439707756,-0.02479490265250206,-0.019247515127062798,0.04366869106888771,-0.027130864560604095,0.018955133855342865,0.03239727392792702,0.03226468712091446,0.06487660109996796,-0.06456360220909119,0.0006639647181145847,-0.20788206160068512,0.05066373199224472,-0.012870946899056435,-0.034873317927122116,0.023824242874979973,-0.02305314689874649,0.030056791380047798,-0.06937119364738464,0.0642433762550354,0.05418730527162552,0.06050065532326698,-0.04655877873301506,-0.026898164302110672,-0.003803820814937353,0.002598312683403492,0.1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Example: Creating Users via Admin API#

You can also leverage the admin API to create users:


_10

select edge.exec(

_10

$js$

_10

_10

const { data, error } = await supabase.auth.admin.createUser({

_10

email: '[email protected]',

_10

password: 'password',

_10

user_metadata: { name: 'Yoda' }

_10

});

_10

_10

$js$));


As you can see, combining dynamic Javascript in Edge Functions with a few SQL support functions gets you a powerful new set of tools. By leveraging the edge_wrapper, edge.http_request, and edge.exec functions, developers can create robust and flexible serverless applications that can dynamically execute JavaScript code while interacting with PostgreSQL databases.

As we continue to build and innovate with Supabase, combining edge functions and SQL support functions opens up new avenues for building scalable, efficient, and secure applications. Whether developing a simple project or a complex application, these tools provide the flexibility and power to bring your ideas to life.