[Submitted on 15 May 2026]

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Abstract:Natural language processing (NLP) and artificial intelligence (AI) are rapidly transforming health professions education, yet no scoping review has systematically mapped their applications across the full spectrum of health education contexts, including public health. Following the Arksey and O'Malley framework and PRISMA-ScR guidelines, this review synthesized evidence from 64 studies published between 2015 and 2026, identified through searches of PubMed, ERIC, IEEE Xplore, and Google Scholar. Seven thematic domains were identified: automated assessment, large language models (LLMs) as student-facing learning support, virtual patients and clinical simulation, curriculum analysis and program evaluation, personalized and adaptive learning, public health and health promotion education, and educator and institutional integration. Findings reveal significant technical promise, particularly in automated assessment, clinical simulation, and curriculum analysis, alongside persistent challenges including hallucination and accuracy concerns, algorithmic bias, data privacy, digital divide, overreliance, and absence of standardized outcome measures. Only four studies explicitly addressed public health education, representing a major evidence gap. This review provides a foundation for evidence-informed integration of NLP and AI across health professions education and highlights public health education as a priority area for future research and investment.

Submission history

From: Javad Mohammad Alizadeh [view email]
[v1] Fri, 15 May 2026 21:17:17 UTC (2,132 KB)