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雅可比猜想断言:一个 多项式映射 F:C^n->C^n 若具有一个 非零 常数 雅可比 行列式,则它是 自同构。 在平面上,该猜想由 Keller(1939)首先提出,它指出 FC[x,y](复数上两个变量的多项式环)到自身的环映射,若其固定 C 并将 xy 分别映射到 fg,则该映射是自同构 当且仅当 雅可比 f_xg_y-f_yg_x 为非零常数。该条件容易证明是必要的。

多年来,至少有五篇已发表的错误证明和许多不正确的尝试。2004 年 11 月,Hochster(2004)发送了一封电子邮件,宣布了 Carolyn Dean 的新证明。然而,该证明也包含一个错误。

JacobianConjectureCounterexample

2026 年 7 月,Alpöge(2026)宣布了以下多项式反例,该反例归功于 AI 系统 Fable。记 F=(P,Q,R),其坐标多项式为

雅可比 行列式为非零常数

detJ_F=-2,

(4)

但以下三个不同的点

(0,0,-1/4),(1,-3/2,(13)/2),(-1,3/2,(13)/2,

(5)

具有相同的像,因为

F(0,0,-1/4)=F(1,-3/2,(13)/2)=F(-1,3/2,(13)/2)=(-1/4,0,0).

(6)

因此,雅可比猜想在三维及通过添加恒等坐标可知在每个维度 n>=3 中均为假(Zhang 2026)。平面情形仍未解决。

雅可比猜想是 Smale 问题 之一。


另见

可逆多项式映射雅可比多项式映射Smale 问题

使用 Wolfram|Alpha 探索

参考文献

Abhyankar, S. S. Lectures on Expansion Techniques in Algebraic Geometry. Bombay, India: Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 1977.Alpöge, L. X post, July 20, 2026. https://x.com/__alpoge__/status/2079028340955197566.Bass, H. "Conjecture jacobienne et opérateurs différentiels." Mém. Soc. Math. France, No. 38, 39-50, 1989.Bass, H.; Connell, E. H.; and Wright, D. "The Jacobian Conjecture: Reduction of Degree and Formal Expansion of the Inverse." Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 7, 287-330, 1982.Becker, T. and Weispfenning, V. Gröbner Bases: A Computational Approach to Commutative Algebra. New York: Springer-Verlag, p. 330, 1993.Drużkowski, L. M. "The Jacobian Conjecture." IMPAN Preprint 492. Kraków, Poland: Math. Inst. Jagiellonian University, 1991.Formanek, E. "Observations About the Jacobian Conjecture." Houston J. Math. 20, 369-380, 1994.Hochster, M. "Lectures on Jacobian Conjecture." sci.math.research post forwarded by I. Algol. Nov. 11, 2004.Keller, O.-H. "Ganze Cremona Transformationen." Monatsh. für Math. u. Phys. 47, 299-306, 1939.Meisters, G. H. "Jacobian Problems in Differential Equations and Algebraic Geometry." Rocky Mountain J. Math. 12, 679-705, 1982.Meisters, G. H. "Wanted: A Bad Matrix." Amer. Math. Monthly 102, 546-550, 1995.Smale, S. "Mathematical Problems for the Next Century." Math. Intelligencer 20, No. 2, 7-15, 1998.Smale, S. "Mathematical Problems for the Next Century." In Mathematics: Frontiers and Perspectives 2000 (Ed. V. Arnold, M. Atiyah, P. Lax, and B. Mazur). Providence, RI: Amer. Math. Soc., 2000.Zhang, Z. "Direct Consequences of the Three-Dimensional Counterexample to the Jacobian Conjecture." July 20, 2026. https://zzhang-iu.github.io/papers/direct-consequences-jacobian/.

在 Wolfram|Alpha 中引用

Jacobian Conjecture

引用格式:

Weisstein, Eric W. "Jacobian Conjecture." From MathWorld--A Wolfram Resource. https://mathworld.wolfram.com/JacobianConjecture.html

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